Skin Cancer Surgery

Skin cancer surgery is a crucial treatment method for removing malignant skin tumors, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. These are the most common types of skin cancer, each varying in severity and treatment approach. Surgery is often the primary treatment, particularly for cases where the cancerous lesion is localized and can be entirely removed.

Types of Skin Cancer

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common and least dangerous form, BCC rarely spreads to other parts of the body. It often appears as a small, pearly bump or a flat, scaly patch.

  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): More aggressive than BCC, SCC can grow deeper into the skin and spread to other parts of the body. It often manifests as a red, scaly, or crusted lesion.

  • Melanoma: The deadliest form of skin cancer, melanoma develops in the melanocytes (pigment-producing cells). If not caught early, it can spread quickly to other organs, becoming life-threatening.

Surgical Methods

Several surgical techniques are employed to treat skin cancer, depending on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor:

  1. Excisional Surgery: This is the most common approach, particularly for BCC and SCC. The surgeon removes the cancerous tissue along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure complete removal. This procedure is simple and effective for early-stage skin cancers.

  2. Mohs Surgery: This technique is often used for BCC and SCC, especially in cosmetically sensitive areas like the face. During Mohs surgery, the surgeon removes thin layers of skin one at a time and examines them under a microscope. This process continues until no cancer cells are detected. Mohs surgery is highly precise, preserving as much healthy tissue as possible while ensuring complete cancer removal.

  3. Curettage and Electrodesiccation: Used for small, superficial BCC and SCC, this procedure involves scraping away the cancerous tissue with a curette (a sharp surgical instrument) and then applying heat (electrodesiccation) to destroy any remaining cancer cells. It is less invasive but may not be suitable for larger or more aggressive tumors.

  4. Wide Local Excision: For melanomas and aggressive forms of skin cancer, a wide local excision may be necessary. The surgeon removes the tumor along with a larger margin of healthy tissue to reduce the risk of recurrence. In some cases, nearby lymph nodes may also be removed if there’s a concern about metastasis.

  5. Lymph Node Dissection: For advanced melanomas or cancers that have spread, a lymph node dissection may be performed to remove affected lymph nodes. This helps to prevent the further spread of cancer.

  6. Amputation: In rare and extreme cases where the skin cancer is very advanced and located on a limb, partial or complete amputation of the affected limb may be necessary to control the spread of the disease.

Recovery and Aftercare

Post-surgery, patients usually recover quickly, though the recovery time depends on the extent and type of surgery performed. Smaller excisions may heal in a matter of days to weeks, while larger or more complex surgeries, such as Mohs surgery or wide excisions, may require longer recovery periods and involve follow-up treatments.

Scarring is a common side effect, but modern surgical techniques aim to minimize cosmetic damage, especially in visible areas. Regular follow-up appointments are critical to monitor for any signs of recurrence. Patients are also advised to adopt sun protection measures, as UV exposure is a major risk factor for skin cancer.


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